RESUMO
OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Based on a 45-year career as a practitioner in industrial ergonomics, I offer in this paper a personal memoir on how ergonomics came to the shop floor in North America, involving ordinary workers in an early effort to prevent what was at the time an unknown problem - work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders. The actions included the beginning of a low-tech, practical improvement process that is still effective today. In total, the experience can provide encouragement to everybody to be confident in their ability when trying new endeavors and to remember that small initial steps can eventually lead to major change.
Assuntos
Ergonomia/métodos , Desenvolvimento Industrial/tendências , Instalações Industriais e de Manufatura , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Cinesiologia Aplicada/tendências , Instalações Industriais e de Manufatura/organização & administração , Instalações Industriais e de Manufatura/normas , Instalações Industriais e de Manufatura/tendências , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/etiologia , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/prevenção & controle , Saúde Ocupacional/tendências , Ocupações , Psicologia Industrial/tendências , Local de Trabalho/normasAssuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Instalações Industriais e de Manufatura/tendências , Vacinação em Massa/organização & administração , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/provisão & distribuição , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Humanos , Instalações Industriais e de Manufatura/normas , Vacinação em Massa/normas , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Vacinas Virais/normasRESUMO
Cell and gene therapies have demonstrated excellent clinical results across a range of indications with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies among the first to reach market. Although these therapies are currently manufactured using patient-derived cells, therapies using healthy donor cells are in development, potentially offering avenues toward process improvement and patient access. An allogeneic model could significantly reduce aggregate cost of goods (COGs), potentially improving market penetration of these life-saving treatments. Furthermore, the shift toward offshore production may help reduce manufacturing costs. In this article, we examine production costs of an allogeneic CAR-T cell process and the potential differential manufacturing costs between regions. Two offshore locations are compared with regions within the United States. The critical findings of this article identify the COGs challenges facing manufacturing of allogeneic CAR-T immunotherapies, how these may evolve as production is sent offshore and the wider implication this trend could have.